椴树外表特征：中华豪门优质蜜源植物

本期编辑/开鸿顺

KaiHongShun Studio

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椴树，主产东北长白山、小兴安岭林区，是东北原始针阔混交林中优势树种。椴树材质优良，细软、洁白，素有“阔叶红松”之称，广泛用于家具、装潢、木制工艺品等领域。

Tilia, mainly produced in the forest areas of Paektu Mountain and Lesser Khingan in Northeast China, is the dominant tree species in the original coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Northeast China…

椴树之良材

椴树树干劲直挺拔，出材率高。椴树的材质细密轻软，胀缩力小不易变形，是建筑上的重要材种，素有“阔叶红松”之称。

The linden tree is vigorous and upright, with a high yield of timber. The material of the linden tree is fine, dense, light, and soft, with small swelling and contraction force that is not easy to deform…

椴树木质白而轻软，纹理纤细，有油脂，耐磨、耐腐蚀，不易开裂，木纹细，易加工，韧性强。

The wood of the linden tree is white and soft, with a fine texture, oily, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and less prone to cracking. The wood grain is fine, easy to process, and has strong toughness.

椴树适用范围比较广，可用来制作木线、胶合板、门窗、箱柜、细木工板、木制工艺品等装饰材料，还可以做筷子、铅笔、木锨、蒸笼、蜂箱等各种器具。

Tilia trees have a wide range of applications, and can be used to make decorative materials such as wooden wire, plywood, doors and windows, cabinets, blockboards, wooden crafts…

椴木机械加工性良好, 钉子、螺钉及胶水固定性能好，经砂磨、染色及抛光能获得良好的平滑表面。椴木容易用手工工具加工，是一种上乘的雕刻材料。

The basswood wood has good machinability, good fixation performance of nails, screws, and glue, and can obtain a good smooth surface after sanding, dyeing, and polishing…

林区居民生活中用椴木来做洗衣板，或者切菜的菜墩、菜板。20世纪七八十年代，从东北到山东的火车上，经常可以看见有人拎着个圆圆的椴树菜墩。

Residents in forest areas use basswood wood to make washing boards, or cut vegetable stumps and boards. In the 1970s and 1980s, on trains from Northeast China to Shandong…

椴树截面米黄色的木纹，散发出清爽的椴木香味儿。在当时走亲戚，带上椴树菜墩，那是最珍贵的礼品。

The beige wood grain of the basswood tree section emits a refreshing basswood fragrance. At that time, when visiting relatives…

椴树树皮纤维发达，可代麻制绳索、麻袋、人造棉，甚至火药的导引线。粗壮的椴树在木材加工厂破板材之前，常被扒皮，将厚整大块的树皮压成平面，用作仓房墙面，这些都如同“木刻楞”一样，是林区的原始生活的写照。

The bark fibers of the linden tree are well-developed, which can replace hemp to make ropes, sacks, artificial cotton, and even guide wires for gunpowder. The thick and sturdy linden trees are often peeled…

椴树之花香

椴树开花时满树黄白，细枝上挂满了一串串淡黄色的小花，每朵花由5个花瓣组成，金丝花蕊朝下，花朵小而密集，如同一只只香水喇叭悬挂在头顶。

Tilia is yellow and white when it blooms. The twigs are hung with strings of light yellow flowers. Each flower is composed of 5 petals. The golden filigree flower heads down…

椴树花含大量黏液和挥发油，作为美容、制药生产原料, 外贸出口量曾剧增。晒干的椴花可沏茶，味道清香微甜，具有益气补胃、止痛解毒、安神助眠的功效。

Tilia flower contains a large amount of mucus and volatile oil, and as a raw material for beauty and pharmaceutical production…

椴树花量繁多，花香浓郁，色彩绚丽，用来做园林景观，花香净化城市空气效果极佳。另外，椴树叶片宽阔，叶背面有星状毛，滞尘效果强，有消除有害气体、抑制灰尘的作用，大量栽植椴树，会在很大程度上改善环境。

Tilia trees have a wide variety of flowers, rich fragrance, and brilliant colors. They are used for landscaping, and their fragrance has an excellent effect on purifying urban air…

椴树之蜂蜜

椴树蜜来源于椴树，椴树是优良的蜜源树种。生活在山区的各族先人们认识椴树的特殊价值是从蜜蜂采集椴树蜜开始的。

The honey of the linden tree comes from the linden tree, which is an excellent honey source tree species. The ancestors of various ethnic groups living in mountainous areas recognized …

古代称椴树为“糖树”,现代称椴树林为“绿色糖厂”。东北林区每年春夏接纳大量省内外蜂群来采椴树蜜，东北林区素来享有“国家蜜库”之美称。

In ancient times, the linden tree was called the "sugar tree", while in modern times, the linden forest is called the "green sugar factory". The Northeast Forest Region receives a large number of bee colonies …

椴树是国家的珍贵树种, 更是国家重要的经济树种，不仅如此，椴树对于维持动物种群繁衍生息及对大自然的生态环境净化和生态平衡都起到了其他树种不可替代的作用。

Tilia is a precious tree species of the country, and also an important economic tree species of the country. Not only that, Tilia plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the reproduction of animal populations…