小学英语基础知识,假期给孩子复习!

人气:175 ℃/2022-03-29 11:55:13
【导读】 小学英语基础知识,假期给孩子复习!,下面是小编为你收集整理的,希望对你有帮助!第一部分:基础知识1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU12个...

第一部分:基础知识

1.字母:26个字母的大小写

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

2.语音:元音的发音

五个元音字母:AEIOU

12个单元音:

前元音:[i:] [?] /e/ [?]

中元音:[?:] [?]

后元音:[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u :] [?] [?]

双元音(8个) 合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i] 集中双元音(3个) [i?][ε?][u?]

3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词

4.句子:大小写,标点符号

第二部分:语法知识

1名词:名词单复数,名词的格

一名词单复数

一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

二名词的格

a 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags c 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes 并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

2表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:

a picture of the classroom a map of China

2冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:

1不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle

元音开头的可数名词前用an :

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer/

an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail /

an address / an event / an example / an opera /

an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport /

an action movie / an art lesson /

2定冠词:the the egg the plane

定冠词的用法:

特指某些人或某些物:The ruler is on the desk.

复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.

用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening

不用冠词的情况:

专有名词前:China is a big country.

名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball.

复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.

学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.

在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.

固定词组中:at noon at night by bus

3代词、形容词、副词

1.代词:人称代词,物主代词

第一

人称单数I我memy我的

复数we我们usour我们的

第二

人称单数you你youyour你的

复数you你们youyour你们的

第三

人称单数he他himhis他的

she她herher她的

it它itits它的

复数they他们/她们/它们themtheir他们的/她们的/它们的

2.形容词,副词:比较级,最高级

一、形容词的比较级

1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格口语中可用宾格。

2.形容词加er的规则:

一般在词尾加er ; 以字母e 结尾,加r ; 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ; 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。

3.不规则形容词比较级:

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

二副词的比较级

1.形容词与副词的区别有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动

⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同不规则变化:well-better, far-farther

4数词:基数词、序数词

11-20

one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty

221-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。

23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one

3101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;

586→five hundred and eighty-six,

803→eight hundred and three

4l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion

1,001→one thousand and one

18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion

序数词

1一般在基数词后加th

eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth

2不规则变化

one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth

3以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th

twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth

4从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth

基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.

一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.

八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。

ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.

5介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等

1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。在某时刻、时间、阶段等。

?at 1:00dawn,midnight,noon在一点钟黎明、午夜、中午

2.on

1表示具体日期。

注:1关于"在周末"的几种表示法:

atonthe weekend?在周末---特指

atonweekends?在周末---泛指

over the weekend?在整个周末

during the weekend?在周末期间 2在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?

2在刚……的时候。

On reaching the city he called up his parents.

3.in

1表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。

induring1988December,the 20th century

在一九八八年十二月、二十世纪

6动词:动词的四种时态:

1一般现在时:

1. be动词:主语+beam, is, are+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词+其它。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数he, she, it时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

动词+s的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

2一般过去时:

动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A、规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed此类动词较少如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried 注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类

④ 双写最后一个字母此类动词较少如 stopped

B、不规则动词此类词并无规则,须熟记

sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had ,

do – did ,go – went , take – took , buy – bought ,

get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam ,

tell – told , draw – drew ,come – came , lose – lost ,

find – found , drink – drank ,hurt – hurt , feel – felt

3一般将来时:

①be going to + do;

②will+ do. be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow明天. = I will go swimming tomorrow.

4现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词

动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

③ 双写最后一个字母的此类动词极少有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

第三部分:句法

1陈述句

1肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:

I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:

I’m not a student. She is not isn’t a doctor.

He does not doesn’t work in a hospital. There are not aren’t four fans in our classroom.

He will not won’t eat lunch at 12:00. I did not didn’t watch TV yesterday evening.

2疑问句

一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。

特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。

3There be句型

There be 句型与have, has的区别:

1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物或人

2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。

3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

4、there be句型与havehas 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物或人;havehas 表示某人拥有某物。

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。

7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?

Copyright © 2008-2024 蜗牛素材网 All Rights Reserved
一个致力于分享各种行业知识与经验、学习资源交流平台,知识让你的眼界更宽广!