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2020年中考英语:宾语从句的三大要素
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,它在复合句中作主句的宾语即作宾语的是一个句子。宾语从句主要注意三大要素:
一、引导词
1.that从句是陈述句时,引导词用that,它本身无词义,不充当成分,在口语中可省略,但在正式场合不可省。
2.if或whether从句是一般疑问句时用if或whether,含义是“是否”。if whether一般情况下可以互换,但在构成whether……or not句式时只能用whether。
3.连接代词,连接代词what、which、who、whose连接副词从句是特殊疑问句时用,连接副词when、where、how、why
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序即正常的主谓语序。例如:
He says that Tom will miss a lot of lessons
She asked whether we should hold a sports meeting
Do you know what the popalation of Dalianis?
三、宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要选用任何时态。例如:
She says that she is good at Chinese.
He Says that he has been ill for three days.
I don’t know if she will come tomorrow.
2.主句是一般过程时,从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态。即一般过去时,过去将来时,过去完成时等。例如:
She asked me where I lived.
He said that she had been ill for six days.
He said that he would return soon.
3.当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时,从句时态不受主句的影响,都用一般现在时。例如:
The teacher said “Light travels faster than sound”
She said that the earth is round
特例:Could you tell me ……委婉的语气,常按照一般现在时处理。
Could you tell me where the nearest park is?
真题回放:
例1 2008·北京—Do you know for shanghai last night?
——At 9:00
A、what time he leavesB、what time does he leave
C、what time he leftD、What time did he leave
解析:考查宾语从句的用法。对于宾语从句要注意三要素:语序陈述语序、时态主句是过去式,从句要用相应的过去式;主句是一般现在时,从句根据需要确定时态、引导词that, whether/if,特殊疑问词。B和D语序不正确;由last night可知A项时态错误。故选C。