besides和except和but：辨析，except

1. except

表示一种排除关系，意为“除了----外，不再有……“；不包括后面的内容，前面常与表示整体的肯定词all, everything, everyone，every等连用，或者与全部否定词 nothing,nobody 等连用，不能放于句首

(1) The door is never opened except in winter. 除冬天外，这扇门从不打开

(2) Everyone in our class went to the cinema yesterday except Tom. 昨天，除了汤姆以外，我们班的每个人都去看了电影。

意为“除了----有……”,包括后面的内容,常与also, another, other，else等词连用。

(1) Lucy knows Japanese besides French. 除法语外，Lucy还懂日语。

(2) There were other sports besides soccer. 除了足球还有其他的运动。

(3) Who else will you go besides me? 除我之外,还有其他谁要去？

注意：Besides除用作介词外，还用作副词，其意为“此外”、“而且”，可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如：

(1) I don’t want to go，besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去，而且我也太累了。

(2) This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的，此外他还有两部。

意思“除了---”，但它表示的是整体与部分的关系。 except for后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的(异类排除), except后排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的(同类排除)。若用于句首，则用 except for。

(1) We had a wonderful time, except for the weather. 我们玩得很高兴，只是天气不太好。

(2) It’s a clean hotel, except for the manager. 酒店挺干净，除了那经理不怎么样外。

(3) The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.除了几个拼写错误外，这篇作文非常好。

注意: 当用于all, every, no, everything, anybody, nobody, nowhere, whole等表示概括性的词语后面时，except与except for两者可互换。如：

We couldn’t hear anything except (for) the noise of the machine. 除了这台机器的声音外，你什么也听不到。

表达的“除……之外”用法和except一样，都表示排除在外，但but通常只与否定词连用。

No one but John went there yesterday. 昨天除了约翰以外，没有人去那里。

注意nothing but的特殊用法：

(1) nothing but的意思是“除……外什么也没有”，也可以翻译成“仅仅，只有”，它的后面除了接名词外，还可能接动词原形，不定式和动名词。

(2) 当nothing but前有动词do时，后面接动词原形。

Last evening, I did nothing but repair the bike.了修农具以外，什么也没做。

(3) nothing but前面是其它动词时，后面的动词形式由前面的动词决定。如：

She enjoyed nothing but being praised by others. 她只喜欢被人称赞。

I want nothing but to speak to you all these days.这些天，我只想和你说说话。

Exersises：选词 except/ beside/except for 填空

(1) Everyone____Tom and Mike has visited the Great Wall and the Summer Palace.

(2) I also want two kilos of beef____the fruit and vegetables.

(3)Who else has handed in homework___the five students?

(4) I want nothing____a pen and some paper.

(5) ___his good friends, his daughter also went to see him.

(6))The weather is sunny today____that in the northwest.

(7)The novel is wonderful____ the ending.

(8) There are many traditional festivals in Western countries ____

Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

(9) Nobody was late ____you.

答案：

(1) except

(2) besides

(3) besides

(4) except

(5) Besides

(6) Except for

(7) Except for

(8) besides

(9) but

Let's learn them together.